Oxidative Stress in the Pathophysiology of Hypertension and Diabetes

This work encompasses the possible role of oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases especially hypertension and diabetes mellitus. The reactive oxygen and/or nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) produced during oxidative stress through oxidation reduction reactions of the body or during metabolism that can lead to damage various biological structures including protein, lipids, and DNA. These reactive intermediates at low concentration work as intracellular messenger however at high concentration provoke oxidative damage that may result in the initiation and progression of various pathological conditions. Antioxidants play critical role in the redox hemostatis of body that is responsible for normal cellular functions to be carried out. However in oxidative stress the redox hemostasis of the body is disturbed leading to metabolic abnormalities and provoking of various pathologies. It is therefore, of great interest to make an attempt to provide novel mechanistic insight into these pathologies and design such strategies that can minimize the risk of oxidative stress induced pathologies and promote/uphold human health.